Daylily Varieties and Advanced Growing: Selection and Design
Master the diverse world of daylilies from classic cultivars to modern hybrids. Learn variety selection, hybridizer strategies, and design techniques for stunning daylily displays.
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Sarah Green
Horticulturist and garden expert with 15+ years of experience growing vegetables, herbs, and houseplants. Certified Master Gardener.
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Advanced Daylily Growing and Variety Selection
The world of Hemerocallis cultivars offers unparalleled diversity among perennials. With over 100,000 registered varieties and thousands more introduced annually, understanding daylily classification, breeding developments, and cultivation refinements enables gardeners to create exceptional displays.
Understanding Daylily Classification
American Daylily Society System
By Flower Size:
Class
Diameter
Miniature
Under 3"
Small-flowered
3-4.5"
Large-flowered
4.5-7"
Extra-large
Over 7"
By Scape Height:
Category
Height
Dwarf
Under 12"
Low
12-24"
Medium
24-36"
Tall
Over 36"
By Bloom Season:
Class
Timing
Extra-Early (EE)
Before peak season
Early (E)
Early in season
Early-Midseason (EM)
Early to mid
Midseason (M)
Peak season
Late-Midseason (LM)
Mid to late
Late (L)
Late season
Very Late (VL)
After peak
By Foliage Habit:
Type
Behavior
Dormant
Dies back, requires cold
Evergreen
Retains foliage
Semi-Evergreen
Variable behavior
Diploid vs. Tetraploid
Feature
Diploid (22 chr)
Tetraploid (44 chr)
Flower substance
Lighter
Heavier, more ruffled
Colors
Full range
Often more intense
Plant vigor
Variable
Often more vigorous
Breeding
Can only cross with dip
Can only cross with tet
Modern Flower Forms
Single Forms
Form
Description
Circular
Round outline
Triangular
Three-pointed appearance
Star
Narrow, pointed petals
Spider
Long, narrow petals (>4:1 ratio)
Unusual Form
Unique petal shapes
Double and Multiform
Form
Description
Double
Extra petals, peony-like
Polymerous
Multiple segments
Unusual Form Double
UF with extra petals
Special Features
Feature
Description
Ruffled
Wavy petal edges
Crimped
Pleated edges
Teeth
Serrated edges
Sculpted
3D petal manipulation
Pattern Classifications
Eye and Edge Patterns
Pattern
Description
Eyed
Darker zone around throat
Banded
Wide zone above throat
Edged
Different colored margin
Picotee
Thin edge of different color
Wire edge
Very thin contrasting line
Special Patterns
Pattern
Description
Watermark
Lighter area above throat
Halo
Ring of color
Appliqué throat
Contrasting throat
Patterned eye
Complex eye markings
Broken color
Streaks, splashes
Variety Selection Guide
By Climate Adaptation
Cold Climates (Zones 3-5):
Best Types
Notes
Dormant
Required for cold hardiness
Hardy cultivars
Tested performance
Earlier bloom
Complete season
Warm Climates (Zones 8-10):
Best Types
Notes
Evergreen
Natural adaptation
Heat tolerant
Don't fade
Reblooming
Extended season
By Use
Cut Flowers:
Variety Type
Notes
Large flowers
Impact
Strong scapes
Support
Many buds
Succession
Long-lasting
Individual flower hours
Mass Planting:
Variety Type
Notes
Vigorous
Fill in quickly
Disease resistant
Lower maintenance
Consistent
Uniform appearance
Affordable
Available in quantity
Collections:
Approach
Notes
New introductions
Cutting edge
Historical cultivars
Heritage value
Spider/UF varieties
Unique forms
Specific colors
Theme gardens
Award Winners
Stout Silver Medal (ADS highest award):
Year
Cultivar
1987
'Stella de Oro'
2004
'Strawberry Candy'
2010
'Wild Horses'
2018
'Orange Velvet'
Growing Techniques
Optimizing Bloom Quality
Factor
Approach
Fertilizing
10-10-10 or 5-10-10 in spring
Timing
When growth starts
Second application
After first bloom
Water
Consistent during bud set
Increasing Flower Count
Technique
Method
Proper nutrition
Balanced fertilizer
Adequate sun
6+ hours
Division
Every 3-5 years
Deadheading
Redirect energy
Extending Bloom Season
Strategy
Implementation
Variety selection
Mix early/mid/late
Rebloomers
Include in plantings
Succession planting
Different varieties
Division and Propagation
When to Divide
Indication
Details
Crowded center
Fewer flowers
Clump size
Too large for space
Rejuvenation
Every 3-5 years
Propagation
Increase stock
Division Method
Step
Instructions
1
Dig entire clump
2
Wash off soil
3
Identify individual fans
4
Separate with knife or hands
5
Trim roots to 6"
6
Trim foliage to 6"
7
Replant immediately
Proliferations
What
Small plantlets on scapes
When to harvest
After scape dies
Method
Detach with bit of scape
Rooting
Pot up, keep moist
First bloom
1-2 years
Design Strategies
Color Schemes
Warm Harmony:
Colors
Partners
Gold
Red, orange, coral
Orange
Yellow, rust, amber
Red
Orange, burgundy
Cool Combinations:
Colors
Partners
Pink
Lavender, purple
Purple
Pink, plum
Lavender
Violet, rose
Contrast:
Approach
Example
Complementary
Purple with gold
Bold
Red with yellow
Sophisticated
Near-white with purple
Bloom Sequence Planning
Season
Varieties
Early
'Stella de Oro', 'Happy Returns'
Early-Mid
'Hyperion', historical types
Midseason
Majority of varieties
Late
'Autumn Minaret', late bloomers
Rebloom
'Stella de Oro', Returns series
Height Layering
Position
Heights
Examples
Front
Under 18"
Miniatures, dwarf
Middle
18-30"
Most standard
Back
Over 30"
Tall varieties
Companion Plants
Season
Partners
Spring
Irises, peonies (as daylilies emerge)
Summer
Coneflowers, grasses, Russian sage
Fall
Asters, sedums, ornamental grasses
Regional Adaptations
Northern Gardens (Zones 3-5)
Factor
Approach
Variety choice
Dormant types only
Winter mulch
3-4 inches after freeze
Spring
Remove mulch gradually
Bloom timing
May bloom later
Southern Gardens (Zones 8-10)
Factor
Approach
Variety choice
Evergreen preferred
Heat
Afternoon shade beneficial
Watering
More in summer
Rust
Monitor, treat promptly
Humid Climates
Challenge
Solution
Rust
Choose resistant varieties
Crown rot
Excellent drainage
Humidity damage
Good air circulation
Container Culture
Container Requirements
Factor
Details
Size
12-14" minimum
Material
Any (ensure drainage)
Best varieties
Compact, reblooming
Container Care
Aspect
Approach
Watering
More frequent
Fertilizing
Light, regular
Repotting
Every 2-3 years
Winter
Protect in cold zones
Pest and Disease Prevention
Rust Resistance
Approach
Implementation
Variety selection
Choose resistant types
Sanitation
Remove affected foliage
Spacing
Good air flow
Fungicides
If needed, preventive
Thrips Management
Approach
Implementation
Monitoring
Check buds, new growth
Cultural
Remove garden debris
Treatment
Insecticidal soap, systemic
Collecting and Hybridizing
Building a Collection
Strategy
Approach
Focus
Choose specialization
Budget
Mix of prices
Sources
Reputable growers
Record keeping
Label everything
Introduction to Hybridizing
Step
Details
Goal setting
What you want to create
Parent selection
Traits to combine
Pollen collection
Morning, fresh flowers
Application
To stigma of selected pod parent
Seed harvest
When pod browns
Growing on
2-3 years to bloom
Understanding daylily diversity and proper cultural techniques enables gardeners to create stunning displays featuring these remarkably varied and rewarding perennials.
